First Nations of Haida-Gwaii Essay - 550 Words

First Nations of Haida-Gwaii (Term Paper Sample) Content: THE ARTISTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF RECENT POLES RAISED BY THE FIRST NATIONS OF HAIDA-GWAINAMECOURSESCHOOLFebruary 15, 2015. Although it is minute with respect to its land mass, Haida Gwai has attracted an enormous attention owing to its unique history and culture. Until the formation of the First Nation of Haida Gwai, these tiny chains of islands were referred to as Queen Charlotte Islands. However, three years ago, the name, Queen Charlotte Islands, crowned by colonialists, was denounced in a colorful ceremony that mimics ancestral heritage. Known for its unique culture and natural habitats, The Islands of People, has had a tough time in the past few years following extensive illegal logging in the area. However, in a recent ceremony in which a pole was erected to symbolize the rich history and culture of the First Nation of Haida Gwai, hope was restored. Most importantly, the artistic culture of the Gwai people was once again restored and broadcasted to the rest of the wo rld. Different analysts have attempted to evaluate the artistic significance of raising the pole. New York Times reporter Bruce Kirkby covered the entire proceedings of pole erection. Kirkby examines the robustness of Gwai culture as evidenced by the pole erection ceremony, and what significance the ceremony has on this artful nation. Kikby posits that the raising of the pole marked a rebirth of the nation that was once wiped away 130 years ago by the dreadful smallpox virus1. In that ceremony, Kirkby denotes that there was an invocation of the ancient artistic works and practices that reminded the current Gwai people of their past1. Kirkby and his crew watched two colorful war boats filled with youth pass by the nearby river, as police, loggers, fishermen, and government officials came together into an unforgettable reunion1. The pole raising ceremony not only marked the end of bitterness that had been experienced on the islands, but also restored the artistic pride of the Gwai pe ople. Kirkby reports that following that ceremony, and he visions many tourists coming to the islands to study and enjoy the cultural process of the Gwai people1. The erection of the pole will forever change the artistic outlook of these tiny islands, and it will serve as an integral tourist attraction site. Furthermore, Florence Lockeyer adds to this debate, and she contends that the raising of the pole is an iconic achievement of Jasper town. In a colorful ceremony that involved the exchange of gifts among the attendees, history was made as the Gwai people showcased their artistic and cultural prowess. The deputy mayor of Jasper town noted that the raising of the pole would serve as an icon for tourists and other travelers passing through the town2. It will serve as a reminder to everyone how important this pole is to the rest of the Fir...

Should Marijuana Be Legal - 1604 Words

Marijuana can be a very addicting drug to most people, especially young adults. Most young teens engage in marijuana usage as their first drug of choice. â€Å"Marijuana is known as the most common type of illicit drug use is, and the vast majority of those users are what some have called â€Å"recreational† or â€Å"social† or â€Å"casual† users† (Hart Ksir, 2015). Many people like to smoke among others in order to be social with one another. Young teenagers often enjoy smoking marijuana at a party, friend’s house, or alone. Marijuana users have reported they feel in a better mood, or more relaxed when smoking this drug. â€Å"Many experienced users have also reported more of the positive effects of this substance, partly because of associations from their prior use in the past† (Hart Ksir, 2015). People also stated marijuana helps them sleep better, or fall asleep at night. Other users have reported they feel more accomplished when smoki ng marijuana. Everyone has different reactions when using marijuana. Young teenagers from ages 12-18 and young adults ages 18-20 have reported higher rates of marijuana use (NIDA, 2016). There are many different reasons that may explain this trend among young teenagers. For instance, peer pressure results in a lot of teens and adolescents of trying marijuana. Many people try this drug, because they want to fit in with a certain crowd. Many people who engage in marijuana usage later find themselves depending on the substance. For example, people state theyShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legal?1609 Words   |  7 PagesMs. Fingarson English 11 March 9th, 2017 Junior Research Paper: Marijuana Should Be Legal. According to world recognized American Scientist Carl Sagan â€Å"the illegality of cannabis is outrageous, an impediment to full utilization of a drug which helps produce the serenity and insights , sensitivity and fellowship so desperately needed in this increasingly mad and dangerous world†. These are just some of the benefits of Marijuana along with many others. All you have been taught about cannabis inRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1060 Words   |  5 PagesMedical Marijuana Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United Sstates (Wagner).. Marijuana is commonly used becauseThis it is because marijuana is easy to get and doesn’t have the visibly dangerous effects that other drugs like cocaine and heroine have. However,But does that mean marijuana is harmless to the human body? There are some people and studies that believe it is harmlessso. Sanjay Gupta, MD, Chief Medical Correspondent for CNN, wrote the following: â€Å"Frequent marijuana useRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?986 Words   |  4 Pages smoking pot in California, is legal. On Tuesday, November 8, 2016, California became the fifth state to legalize the recreational use of pot. By a margin of about 56% to 44%, voters passed Proposition 64. With its passing, California is now among states like Colorado, Washington, Oregon and Alaska who have also legalized marijuana. â€Å"Marijuana could become quite the cash crop† said Richard McGowan, a professor at Boston College and expert in the field of marijuana legalization. While many peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1230 Words   |  5 PagesCannabis Can The marijuana movement is more prevalent now than ever. Just recently, two other states have joined Colorado and Washington in the legalization of the recreational use of marijuana. On the other hand, the state of Florida did not pass the bill to approve medical marijuana. Although more and more states have begun to see the benefits in legalizing marijuana, many states maintain the view that smoking marijuana is criminal despite the many advantages it poses. Marijuana offers medical andRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?997 Words   |  4 Pagesof the topics; write a thesis statement and complete the introduction 1. Marijuana should be legal, because it is harmless, and it is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases. - Marijuana should be legal due to its variety of health benefits - Marijuana is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases - Marijuana legalization would help boost the economy Thesis Statement: Why shouldn’t marijuana be legal due to its variety of health benefits, its effectiveness for combating manyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?864 Words   |  4 PagesCannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or medicine. Marijuana smoking remains the most prevalent form of illicit drug use in the United States and has even been legalized medicinally in twenty-four states. Four of these states, including Colorado and Washington, have legalized marijuana for recreational use. This means that it is treated like a controlled substance, like alcohol or tobacco, and anyone theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1630 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana has been a hot topic of conversation over the last few years, as some states in America have legalized it medically and recreationally. By discussing the legal aspect of marijuana, the economic benefits, medical usage and how marij uana affects the family, we can see the positive and negative impact that marijuana has on sociology. Except for a few select states, marijuana usage, sale and distribution of marijuana is in some manner illegal. As a result, there is immense legal considerationsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1610 Words   |  7 PagesSince the very first day marijuana began dominating our country over 30 years ago, federal control of the drug has been the topic of an continuing arguments. Marijuana is a crushed up blend of dried out herbs, seeds and stems of the plant cannabis. Most people inhale it in the shape of cigarettes for pleasure and relief. Should marijuana be made legal? Advocates of the drug argue that there are multiple medical advantages and that tobacco and alcohol are far more harmful for us than the drug itselfRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is safer than tobacco and alcohol, more beneficial and healthier too. Marijuana, unlike tobacco and alcohol, never causes serious illnesses like cancers of the lungs, throat, and mouth, cirrhos is, dementia, or anything else. In actuality, medical marijuana is used to treat cancer cells. â€Å"The earliest use of cannabis as a medicine is attributed to the legendary Chinese Emperor Shen Nung, who is thought to have lived around 2700 BC.. Cannabis sativa is thought to have been grown for at leastRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesShould Marijuana Be Legal? In order to start a discussion about whether marijuana should be legal, we must first begin with the history of marijuana. How long has marijuana been around? The earliest recorded use of marijuana is from the island of Taiwan off the coast of mainland china over 10,000 years ago in the Stone Age (Marijuana, 2014). They wove their clothes and made their shoes from hemp. The first paper was made from a combination of crushed hemp fibers and mulberry tree bark. This

Tremendous Value Of The Great Migration - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1301 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/10/31 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: The Great Migration Essay Did you like this example? The Great Migration was the enacted movement of six million African Americans from the Southern to the Northern Hemisphere of the United States between the years of 1916 to 1970.It is historically divided between two periods: the first Great Migration, which occurred between 1916 and1930, when a bout 1.6 million individuals migrated from rural regions, and the Second Great Migration, from 1940 to 1970, with more than 5 million African Americans migrating. The reason for this interval is that the movement decelerated during the decade following the Stock Market Crash of 1929. However, these freed men were able to continue their mass departure soon after the Great Depression, due to the entry of the United States into World War II. For the most part ,this relocation, being one of the most appalling consequences of two world wars, as well as the greatest migration movement in history; both voluntary and compulsory,1had a vast influence in the life of African Americans, for through it, not only did they become more integrated in working matters and the public life, but also unenclosed new political and social paths, further reestablishing a success full black urban culture in the future. In the beginning of the Twentieth Century, more than nine type cent of African Americans lived in the predominantly rural Southern states, whilst only about eight percent in the North. During that period, most blacks were sharecroppers and tenant farmers who remained vulnerable to exploitation. The most compelling evidence is that landowners often forced sharecroppers to acc ept artificially low prices for their crops, although they would charge expensive prices for their products, including seeds, tools, and groceries at the local stores they controlled. Also, Negroes were subjected to mistreatment and deprivations in Southern industries, since railroad contractors in the South treated them, their black layers, like prisoners. An example of this abuse would be that track layers were paid only once a month and forced to purchase food at the company commissary, where high prices claimed most of what they earned. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Tremendous Value Of The Great Migration" essay for you Create order In brief, blacks were confined to the dirtiest and most grueling jobs.2Continuously, asides from the unfair treatment they extensively tolerated, the South was no longer a profitable place, since it had passed through a disastrous war, the effects of which so blighted the hopes of its citizens in the economic world that their land seemed to pass, so to speak, through a dark age. At that point, only a few educated Negroes had reached the position of being satisfied in the South. The rest of the Negroes, including those eliminated from politics, however, could not easily bring themselves around to thinking that they should remain there in a state of recognized inferiority, especially when during the eighties and nineties there were many evidences that economic as well as political conditions would become worse.3Therefore, the worsening world of white supremacy that arose in that period,4as well as economic factors, were of the main reasons many African Americans began to move into Nort hern and Midwestern states, such as Michigan, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New York. Furthermore, they were hoping to find jobs in steel mills, railroads, automobile factories, and meatpacking industries. Other reasons include that they were searching for better schools and educational opportunities, as well as social equality and recognition, to be more involved in the American culture.T his is reinforced in the books A Century of Negro Migration(1918), and What the Negro Thinks(1929), as through them, it is mentioned that in the North, they earn more money than they have been accustomed to earn in the South. They are attracted also by the liberal attitude of some whites in the aspect that it gives the Negroes a liberty in northern centers which leads them to think that they are citizens of the country;5Also, that the Negro is not looking for special privileges, but for recognition by public authority of his right to enjoy equal privileges with other American citizens. Many of those who left the South were heading for larger Northern cities, including Cleveland, Detroit, Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, and later to Western cities as well, such as Seattle, Los Angeles, Oakland, and Phoenix. All these cities experienced significant surges in population, considering that nationwide, only 740,000 African Americans lived outside of the South in the 1900s. However, as the Twentieth Century progressed, this number eventually rose to more than 10 million living in other regions of the United States. Simultaneously, the departure of these thrifty and industrious negroes was not spasmodic, but rather a steady drain of the best class of laborers that the South now has.7Thismigration had numerous different ramifications for the nation, for as Negro populations increased, many Northern cities became progressively more integrated. African Americans began working alongside recent European immigrants, as well as other white residents, due to the need for employment t hat resulted from mass industrializations in factories, the growth of new railroads and automobiles, and new job opportunities from white Northerners going to war who are leaving their originally owned positions open. This migration is utterly influential in todays world, since it was able to create a change by making the Negroes become more recognized and integrated in the American Society. Initially, there were negative consequences of this movement, being that African Americans would experience racism in their new homes. For instance, in some neighborhoods, white residents moved to other places, in order tolive away from the Negroes. Also, most African Americans could rent apartments only in areas that real estate agents and banks had designated as colored, adding up to the statement that African Americans suffered the highest rate of residential segregation of any minority group. This prompted many of them to grow pessimistic about achieving racial equality.8However, in the midst of all this, the Negro thrivesAbove it all, his voice rises, singing; and above the note of his joy has become the symbol of our modern America. To the Negroes, the white man occasionally seems a bit pathetic in his insistence upon keeping the worth of the Negro hidden, in refusing to recognize skill and talent, honor and virtue, strength and goodness simply because it wears a black skin. Therefore, during the 1920s, an intellectual, social, and artistic awakening aiming to redefine the black culture emerged, which would eventually take place in New York, becoming known as the Harlem Renaissance. This crusade, a congregation of musicians, novelists, painters, and sculptors, between others, was symbolized by the image of the New Negro, who would no longer be deferential to whites but who would display his or her independence through talent and determination.10Over time, cities inhabited by them became important centers of African American culture. Negroes subsequently became important political constituencies in northern urban areas, where Democrats and Republicans generally supported efforts to end racial discrimination,11whichgeneratedmoreacceptance to these individuals. Nowadays, African Americans play a very active role in the current society of the United States, being that they have contributed in the establishment of businesses, political organizations, churches, and newspapers, amongst others. The Great Migration also contributed in turning the United States into a more interracial nation with more variety of cultures, religions, and set of beliefs, not only of African Americans, but also of other immigrants from diversified ethnic groups and forthcoming generations. All things considered, the Great Migration was a massive movement that has had an impact in the American society up to this day. Through it, African American individuals were determined to discover new economic opportunities, escape from Southern prejudice, and achieve social equality. Although Negroes had to resist long periods of racial segregation in their new cities at first, they remained persistent in their desire to be recognized, in terms of culture and capability, and were furtherly able to express themselves freely and become integrated, whilst obtaining active roles in occupations, society and politics.

The Unexpected Epic Of Bilbo Baggins s The Odyssey

Rachel Johnson British Literature October 15, 2015 Period 2 Bilbo Baggins: The Unexpected Epic Hero Praised for his or her brave deeds and noble qualities, a hero has distinguished courage and ability. An epic hero is a unique type of hero who is often depicted in an epic poem. Homer initiated the concept of an epic hero in the person of Odysseus in the epic poem The Odyssey. Through his works and other author s works, the traits of an epic hero emerge. An epic hero embodies certain traits or characteristics; a strong love for their people, courage and being humble. The hero also grows stronger through a journey that benefits more than just the hero; a selfless act. Bilbo Baggins who is a hobbit who lives in a small house, small town in a small hole. No one would have thought he would become one of the greatest Epic Heroes in literature, because of his size and because he isn t well known. Some call him the unexpected hero, but there is no doubt that he has many of the characteristics of an Epic Hero. He does not exactly have an exigency to go on the journey at first, but as the story unfolds, Bilbo Baggins portrays traits of an epic hero. One of the traits of an epic hero is the love for their people or people in general. This type of love is illustrated through the hero s actions, through the love of people around them and the sense of being a team player. Bilbo invites strangers into his house and feeds them. Bilbo says I am just about to take tea;

The Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children And Men

Millions of women and men are hiding a terrifying secret, they are being abused by someone they love. According to the National Domestic Violence Hotline nearly half of all women and men in the United States have experienced psychological aggression by an intimate partner in their lifetime. Domestic violence is more common then you may think and affects all types of people. Victims of domestic violence have often succumbed to the controlling patterns of their abuser. For many, once they realize how bad their situation is, it is too late. It is important for victims to know that this behavior is not their fault, the abuse is a choice. Abusive partners can come about for many different reasons. Usually they become abusive because they were abused themselves or they witnessed other members of their family being abusive and they learned their behaviors that way. Abuse is a learned behavior, whether it’s through media or family. These people feel like they need to be in control, n ot only in their relationship but probably in all aspects of their life, and they often turn violent when they feel like they have lost control. Fortunately, there is often warning signs. It is never a good sign if someone is afraid of their partner. If they begin noticing that their partner can be controlling or possessive that is often the beginning pattern of abuse. Threats are a major warning sign, don’t take them lightly. If their partner puts them down, criticizes, or ignores them these can beShow MoreRelatedBlack Women And Domestic Violence Essay1701 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent aspects within their lives. The aspect that black women deal with differently, is domestic violence. Black women experience and deal with domestic violence differently than white women, and anyone who else experience domestic violence. Through this paper I would like to explain this difference that black women face when tackling domestic violence due to the â€Å"family secret†, but a lso how it effects children within the black community, how it can affect the entire community, and lastly why blackRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On People1708 Words   |  7 Pages What is domestic violence? Domestic violence is when a person uses a physical violence such as threats, intimidation, isolation, stalking, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and taking control over another partner in a relationship (Understanding abuse). This happens every day to thousands of people all over the world. It’s a serious issue and people don t realize how serious it is. It’s killing people, ruining families, and leaving a lasting impact on people. Each year, 2 million people are injuredRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse1456 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Violence is violence between intimate partners. Intimate partners can be people who live together or people who are currently dating or have dated in the past. â€Å"Perhaps a better definition of domestic v iolence is emotional abuse, physical abuse, or sexual abuse between people who have at some point in time had an intimate or family relationship.† (AAETS). Emotional abuse is when an intimate partner has continuously criticized you, manipulated you with lies, and humiliated you in public orRead MoreDomestic Violence And The Silent Epidemic1233 Words   |  5 PagesEvery 9 seconds in the U.S. a woman is assaulted or beaten. Domestic violence is a serious problem not only in the U.S., but across the globe. It is known as the silent epidemic because so many victims, majority women, suffer in silence. According to statistics, 85% of domestic violence victims are women. Additionally, statistics show that one in every four women will experience domestic violence in her lifetime and that an estimated 1.3 million women are victims of physical assault by an intimateRead MoreDomestic Violence : The Problem And Its Setting854 Words   |  4 PagesSetting a) Statement of the problem Domestic violence is a violent or aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. Domestic violence is a serious epidemic that is taking place every second, every minute and every hour of the day. People assume domestic violence only effects women and children but it also effects men and the community as whole. This paper will not only inform the reader about domestic violence but also how to recognize the signsRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children1448 Words   |  6 PagesHow does domestic violence between parents and parental figures affect the children who witness it? This is a question often asked by Sociologists and Psychologists alike. There have been studies that prove that children who witness domestic inter-parental violence experience mental health problems, issues with gender roles, substance abuse, the committing of crimes and suicide/suicide attempts later in their lives. This paper will exp lore all five of these effects of domestic violence on childrenRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Domestic Violence952 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic Violence is known as â€Å"Any abusive, violent, coercive, forceful, or threatening act or word inflicted by one member of a family or household on another can constitute domestic violence† (Clark, A. (2011)). Domestic violence has gone rapid in the homes of many families. Most people believe that whatever happens in a home should stay in the home. That idea is an issue when it comes to domestic violence. Not only is it an issue within the statement and household, it is also a social and distinctRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Men and Women1449 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Violence against Men and Women Sandra Marable Kaplan University CM-220 Professor Freiteg May 20, 2013 Whenever the thought of domestic violence comes to mind, more than often the visual picture is a women or a child. However, there is another side that has been ignored because it is pushed under the rug. The unfortunate fact is that men are the victims of domestic violence at least as often as women are. While the very idea of men is being beaten by their wivesRead MoreThe Effects of Domestic Violence on Children1529 Words   |  7 PagesProject: The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Trudy Root Kaplan University CM107-11 Children are negatively impacted by the surrounding of domestic violence in multiple ways, in which need to be identified. The audience that needs to be aware of domestic abuse’s effects on children is adults that care for children; such as pediatricians, teachers, counselors, and parents. The issue that needs to be addressed is the negative effects on children involved in a domestic violence situationRead MoreIssue Relating to Violence Abuse Against Women and Children within Family918 Words   |  4 PagesIssue relating to violence abuse against women and children within family The issue that I am exploring As increasing number of women are gaining more rights globally as well as their economic power. However, domestic violence, especially violence against both women and children from associated partner remaining a broad issue that need to be addressed. Public health studies indicated that a large number of people have the experience of witnessing varies degree of violence within the family. I believe

West African Change continuity essay free essay sample

Describe and analyze the cultural, economic, and political impact of Islam on West Africa between 1000 C. E and 1750 C. E. Between 1000 and 1 750 C. E. Islam entered West Africa and increased its trader many Islamic states rose and fell, but many aspects of African religion and gender roles remained unchanged. Between 1000 and 1700, Islam caused West Africa to experience an increase in trade and economic activity, the rise and fall of several Islamic states and empires, and provided new practices to be blended with the traditional African culture. In the period of 1 000 and 1750 C. E Islam increasedWest African economics by increasing trade. Muslim merchants brought Islam into West Africa and it spreads throughout the rest of Africa. Many aspects of African religion and gender roles remained unchanged, however new practices were blended In with the traditional African culture. African rulers began to adopt Islam while ruling over populations with diverse faiths and cultures. Many of these rulers blended Islam with traditional and local practices in what is called the mixing phase. Islam impacted West Africa greatly by increasing trade, and blending its culture with West African culture.By 1 000 C. E. Bantu cities were governed by kinship groups rather than bureaucracies. A group of villages, based on ethnic loyalties, made up a district, but there usually was no head or chief of a district. Village chiefs resolved district issues. The terms stateless societies or segmental societies are often used to refer to this type of social organization. After 1000 C. E. Though, these kin-based societies faced difficult challenges as population growth strained land resources. Ensuing conflicts encouraged Bantu communities to formally organize first their military and then their overspent.The West African kingdoms of Fife and Benign developed as complex city- states during this time. The kingdom of Kong emerged as the most tightly centralized Bantu kingdom and as a prosperous trading nation transporting copper, raffia cloth, and Nazism shells from the Atlantic Ocean. Its central government was based on a king and officials who administered the nations judicial, political, and military affairs while provincial governors supervised district rulers who oversaw the local village rulers. This organization effectively ruled for nearly four hundred years, until the arrival f the Portuguese slave traders.Before the arrival of Muslims, the kingdom of Ghana came to be when settled agricultural people were trying to avoid camel- riding nomads of the Sahara. Though the Sahara desert had never been an absolute barrier to trade and communication, only a few nomadic peoples and a handful of merchants regularly crossed it. The introduction of the camel from Asia and the development of a useful saddle in the seventh century B. C. E. , along with the conquest of North Africa by the Arabs in the eighth and ninth centuries C. E. , encouraged the development of trade across the Sahara.After the Muslims come to West Africa, Ghana was a regional state. Ghana had developed as a market for copper, ironware, cotton textiles, and salt, grain, and carnelian beads. After the Muslim merchants came trade and traffic across the desert increased dramatically as west Africa became the center for trade in gold, in high demand as a result of surging trade throughout the eastern hemisphere. Through her capital city, Kombi- Sale, Ghana controlled the trade and taxes on gold which her kings procured from the river regions of Gambia, Niger, and Senegal.Shanias kings used that wealth to enrich and strengthen their realms. Merchants in Ghana also traded ivory and slaves for horses and salt, which was especially important for survival in the tropics. Ghanaian kings used these taxes to finance large armies to protect their sources of gold, to maintain order throughout the kingdom, and to defend Ghana from nomadic invasions across the Sahara. By about the tenth century, the kings of Ghana converted to Islam which further improved relations with Muslim desert nomads, and with North African merchants and rulers.The Ghanaian kings did not impose Islam on their subjects and even maintained some elements from their traditional religious raciest; those Ghanaian involved in trade frequently adopted Islam as well. Merchant mariners had linked east Africa to the larger trading world si nce as early as 500 B. C. E. , but it was not until the tenth century C. E. That Islamic merchants began regular, sustained interaction with the indigenous Bantu people in eastern Africa. These coastal dwellers, at first largely hunters and gatherers, formed the basis of the new Swahili culture.By the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the Swahili were regularly trading gold, slaves, ivory, and other exotic goods from the African interior for pottery, glass, and textiles rough to Africa from Persia, India, and China by Muslim maritime merchants. This trading economy was based in cities lining the east African coast: Mogadishu, Lama, Melinda, Mambas, Zanzibar, Skill, Macaque, and Sofa. Each city-state was governed by a powerful king. The tangible wealth of these cities was substantial as they boasted multiple-storied houses made of stone and coral, huge mosques, and large public buildings.Skill was one of the most impressive of these cities; travelers like Bin Batista remarked on the vast material wealth he saw in the city and on the level of scholarship e appreciated in her people. The importance of the extended family and the lack of a concept of land as private property served as foundations of social and economic organization in kin-based societies. People identified first as a member of a family. Sex and gender also had a major influence on social roles. Workers like tanners or blacksmiths were almost always men while women in those families might work as potters.Heavy labor was considered mans work and women handled most domestic chores and took primary responsibility for raising children. Both men and women participated in agriculture. Public authority was usually a mans realm although some women did rise to positions of power. Aristocratic women had influence in public affairs as a result of their family connections. Women were involved in markets and participated in both local and long-distance trade. Some African societies even allowed women to participate as soldiers. Islam did little to alter the lives of African women.Since the faith spread first to the upper classes, and then slowly to other classes, most African women retained their traditional gender roles, living and working openly and unveiled. Members of GE sets or age grades performed tasks appropriate to their development and bonded to form tight circles of friends and political allies which continued throughout a persons life. Slave holding and slave trading has been an African tradition since antiquity. As in most societies, slaves came as prisoners of war, debtors, criminals, and suspected witches.Most slaves in Africa worked as agricultural and construction laborers or as porters or miners. Slaves were a form of personal wealth as they enabled a family to increase their agricultural production and hence their wealth. After the ninth entry, the demand for slaves increased, as did the demand for all other African goods. The demand for slaves in Persia, India, Southwest Asia, and the Mediterranean basin outstripped the supply available from Eastern Europe, previously the main source Of slaves.Slave raiding developed to meet this demand as rulers of large-scale states and empires began to attack the less defended smaller kingdoms and kin-based societies. In east Africa, Portuguese explorer Vases dad Gamma skirmished with local forces in Macaque and Mambas on the first journey and demanded tribute from Swahili city-states on the second trip. In 1505, the Portuguese sent naval forces to conquer the cities and went on to build governmental buildings and forts to secure the trade routes for themselves.Although the Portuguese were ultimately unsuccessful, the Swahili states had suffered a mortal blow and they never recovered their prominence in Indian Ocean trade. As sub- Sahara trade networks increased , new kingdoms came to power. Chief among those in central Africa was the kingdom of Kong which was described extensively in Portuguese records. It emerged in the fourteenth century as a strongly centralized state with a large bureaucracy. By the late fifteenth century Kong was so successful that it encompassed the present-day countries of the Republic of Congo and Angola.The Kong rulers enjoyed the wealth and foreign recognition but their relationship with the Portuguese actually led to their downfall. Initially, the Portuguese traded weapons, textiles, and craft expertise for gold, ivory, and slaves. Not much later, slaves became an almost singular object of trade which led the Portuguese to ally with and depend on other kingdoms in the interior when the Kong attempted to limit the slave trade. At first, the Portuguese helped the Kong fend itself but, eventually they joined other states to defeat the Kong in 1665. In their quest for better trade, the Portuguese moved south while the kingdom Of Kong disintegrated behind them. Indigenous religion continued to be an important part of African societies despite the active evangelism of Islam and Christianity. While there was a belief in an overarching deity, the major religious concern was with the spirit world of nature-a belief known as animism-as well as the spirits of ancestors who could be benign but were often punishing to their descendants. Most Islamic converts continued to observe their indigenous beliefs as well.Although troubling to Muslim travelers such as Bin Batista, most African Muslims were content with their synthetic religion and saw no problem with female nudity and social activity. However, the Fulfill herders of West Africa became extremely devout Muslims and attempted to stamp out the heresies. They founded powerful states in todays Guiana, Senegal, Mali, and northern Nigeria where a more devout form of Islam is practiced to t his day. Although there was considerable nation-building in Africa, kinship groups still remained important for political and social organization.Within larger states, they administered affairs at the local level, but out- side of the states, they allied with each other to control large areas of land. Interaction with Europeans brought changes to this social system as well as many other areas of African life and culture. European manufactured goods became a part of African life while new food crops became a part Of the African diet. From the Americas Came manioc, maize, and peanuts that supplemented the African staples of rice, bananas, yams, and millet. In particular, manioc was valuable for its adaptation to soils unsuitable for other crops.Bread made from manioc flour led to steady population growth in west and central Africa between 1500 and 1800. It almost doubled in size from thirty-four million to sixty million. The population growth was all the more remarkable since it coincided with the forced migration of millions of Africans into slavery in the Caribbean and the Americas. However, African beliefs about property affected their view of slavery. Rather than private ownership of land which is- longed to the community, Africans controlled the labor on that land. Thus, individuals with large numbers of slaves would harvest more crops and attain more prosperity.Africans also purchased slaves to enlarge their families and those slaves could be assimilated into the kinship group where they could earn manumission and kinship rights. After the eighth century, Muslim traders from Persia, Arabia, and North Africa began to purchase African slaves for distribution in the Middle East and Mediterranean world and as far away as India and China. To keep up with the large demand, merchants began to raid villages and sometimes they were even supported by African governments. The Islamic slave trade across the Sahara lasted into the twentieth century and may have involved as many as ten million slaves.

Business Computerization Essay Example For Students

Business Computerization Essay The word ubiquitous means ever present or occurring everywhere. This term couldbe used to describe the use of the computer in the business. The businessworlds benefit alone is enough to make a head spin. Every time a person goesto the grocery store, the bank, the local ATM, or even the neighborhood gym thebenefit by the use of computers in modern society is unforeseen by mostcivilians. Many fields in business depend on the convenience, speed, accuracy,and reliability that computers have become known for. However all companiessmall and large benefit from the use of computers. First a company must researchthe impact computers will have on keeping track of there accounts. Then theymust choose the correct hardware and software to best suit their particularneeds, while at the same time making themselves familiar with the newenhancements that increase productivity. Finally, the company must allow timefor installation and training. When evaluating the need for a computerizedsystem in a comp any one will also need to forecast the future demands of thecompany. After all to survive in the business world one must anticipate thefuture and not react to the past. How does one know when it is time to make thecritical transition? It is when management finds itself unable to keep track ofits business? Which products are profitable? Which are not? Which customers payon time? Which are delinquent? Having easy access to this data is essential torunning a healthy and competitive business. When the company has grown enoughthat management no longer has access to the data used to make informeddecisions, then it is time to switch to a computerized data management system. These computerized data management systems are often called information systems. The company now has two choices. It can either hire a professional consultingfirm to help select and install the computer system, or venture out on its ownto make these important decisions. Adequate planning is the most important stepin assuring the successful use of computer technology. Most companies would bebetter off seeking the aid of a consulting firm. They are better informed on thedifferent types of hardware and software that would best suit the computingneeds. An outside firm is a better choice because they are less likely to make acostly mistake when choosing the new system. Another benefit to using aconsulting firm would be there help in setting-up the procedures for using thenew computer system and the necessary training to implement those procedures. Once the company has decided that they will benefit from computer enhancementsit is then a matter of choosing which software and hardware at would be mostuseful. Software is just another name for the programming that computers run on. It is the language that tells computers what to do. When choosing software it isimportant to, make sure to select the right number and combination of softwaremodules to meet a companys needs. The objective is to come up with anintegrated system by selecting the modules important to the company. Here is anexample of an integrated system. Say your employee sends a bill to customer. With manual systems one would have to post it three times to the sales journal,to a customer receivable account and to the general ledger. But with anintegrated computer system one entry and the data will be posted automaticallyto all the appropriate files. There is an alternative to buying packagedsoftware. A Company can have a custom program written. Custom programs are veryexpensive. Costing, up to $25,000 more, depending on the number of modules onewill buy. They are generally uneconomical and unnecessary. In most cases peopleare able to purchase pre-packaged software at a fraction of the cost of customsoftware. The software will then be able to handle up to 80% of the needs. Priceis not the only consideration. Before one buys, find out what comes in asoftware package. Read the manuals and determine if the features satisfyeverything that the company requires. A good word to describe computers is everchanging. One should always be on the lookout for new computer technology tohelp the company. Very often the company can increase productivity with just afew enhancements. For example, multilingual programs have grown important overthe years. As trade barriers in the world crumble and new opportunities continueto grow. Mid-sized and even small businesses expand their market beyond U.S. .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c , .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c .postImageUrl , .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c , .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c:hover , .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c:visited , .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c:active { border:0!important; } .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c:active , .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udb6240a2acae6c3c57b7b3a4e9bc2b8c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: THE EVOLUTION OF THE US WHEAT INDUSTRY Essayboarders; they are then faced with using multilingual computer systems. Thebasic tools that do these jobs constitute a unique class of software especiallydesigned for the international arena. Technology does not have to be new inorder to be useful. The need for it is what is important to the company. So donot over look anything when searching for new tools. The next step is selectingthe appropriate hardware to handle the computing needs. Hardware comprises allthe physical items that allow a computer to run programs, such as a printer, amonitor, a mouse, a keyboard, and a modem among other things. The memory whereinformation is st ored on a computer is also considered hardware. When choosingthe proper hardware one should not base all the decisions on price alone. Compare several vendors, selecting the one with the best combination of service,training, and warranties. The company will start to rely on the computers, somake certain that it can get serviced. Try and look for a vendor with a strongservice outlet near the company. Also steer clear of systems that have justentered the market, considering the high mortality rate in the computerindustry. The company may not be around when it comes time to get service. Thereare many things to consider when purchasing hardware as well as software, so besure to give proper consideration to using a consulting firm. They could end-upsaving money. When the company finally makes the decision to computerize and hasselected the suitable hardware and software. The company must then allow anappropriate amount of time to install the system and also train their employees. The new system may take several months before it is thoroughly up and running,so be patient. When training employees, they can sometimes be hesitant towardcomputerization. So extend assurances that the computer is a tool to help them,not to replace them. The rule of thumb, as with anything, is to be patient. Thiswhole process of computerizing may at first leave a person totally confused. Onemust remember that being confused is only a part of success. Make sure it istime to change from a manual system. These new changes may only confuse peoplewith a new system. Second, make informed choices when choosing hardware andsoftware. Perhaps a consulting firm would be the smart way to go. Also rememberto keep track of new technology, it will make a company more productive. Finally, allow plenty time for installing and training. Taking time may helpprevent costly delays. The most important thing to remember is taking time andmaking informed decisions.